4 min read

As far as I can tell, both phrases attempt to discover the same thing: the well-being of the addressee.
The first, however, appears to imply a more context-specific worry. It suggests that the person is in an odd or unfortunate position. And the speaker is expressing genuine concern about their capacity to manage or remain calm.
In terms of the second phase, there isn’t much to say about it. It’s merely a broad question about phatic communion or social contact.
This phrase asks, “How successful are you managing the multiple imperatives and afflictions in your life right now?”
It’s a polite inquiry in that it displays an understanding that (most likely) you do have some of the above to deal with, an acknowledgment that this coping may be taking a toll on you, and some concern for your situation.
We’re notorious for feeling forced to respond to such inquiries with “Fine.” (even if we’re in the throes of a near-fatal meltdown about some present issue or previous tragedy). This is not necessarily a positive thing.
I’m constantly astounded by the power that simply recognizing/acknowledging the difficulty of a situation one finds oneself in (even if one cannot offer any practical assistance) can relieve the profound sense of isolation/despair that often accompanies the experience of such circumstances.
The response will be determined by how you are doing (i.e., are you coping well with the circumstance, any issues you are facing, or are you struggling physically or emotionally?).
Possible responses include:
You will see many more alternative replies, both good and negative, as well as neutral.
This expression is typically used when inquiring about someone who has faced adversity.
How you’re holding up refers to how you’re dealing with the terrible experience you’ve been through.
When courageous and resilient, people hold up in a calamitous scenario.
In conclusion, “How are you holding up?” and “How are you doing?” both aim to inquire about the well-being of the person addressed.
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